het voorzorgprincipe in de recentere protocollen van de Conventie voor grensoverschrijdende luchtvervuiling uit 1979:


het protocol van Oslo voor zwavel-emissies, 1994

“The Parties (...) Resolved to take precautionary measures to anticipate, prevent or minimize emissions of air pollutants and mitigate their adverse effects,
Convinced that where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing such measures, taking into account that such precautionary measures to deal with emissions of air pollutants should be cost-effective”.

Bron: Protocols to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, The 1994 Oslo Protocol on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions, http://www.unece.org/env/lrtap/fsulf_h1


het protocol van Aarhus voor zware metalen (cadmium, lood en kwik), 1998

“The Parties (...) Resolved to take measures to anticipate, prevent or minimize emissions of certain heavy metals and their related compounds, taking into account the application of the precautionary approach, as set forth in principle 15 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development”.

Bron: Protocols to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution. The 1998 Aarhus Protocol on Heavy Metals, http://www.unece.org/env/lrtap/hm_h1


het protocol van Aarhus voor POP’s, 1998

“The Parties (...) Resolved to take measures to anticipate, prevent or minimize emissions of persistent organic pollutants, taking into account the application of the precautionary approach, as set forth in principle 15 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development”

Bron: Protocols to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, The 1998 Aarhus Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), http://www.unece.org/env/lrtap/pops_h1


het protocol van Gothenburg voor verzuring, eutrofiëring en ozon, 1999

“The Parties (...) Resolved to take measures to anticipate, prevent or minimize emissions of these substances, taking into account the application of the precautionary approach as set forth in principle 15 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development”

Bron: Protocols to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, The 1999 Gothenburg Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone, http://www.unece.org/env/lrtap/multi_h1